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Inhalational Anthrax after Bioterrorism Exposure: Spectrum of Imaging Findings in Two Surviving Patients¹

¹ From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.E., D.C., E.B., B.U.) and Emergency Medicine (C.M., D.P., T.M.), INOVA Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Va; Fairfax Radiological Consultants, 2722 Merrilee Dr, Fairfax VA 22031 (J.P.E., D.C., E.B., B.U.); and Departments of Infectious Disease (J.R., N.F., S.B.M.) and Pulmonary Medicine (P.P.W., R.C.), Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente, Fairfax, Va. Received November 16, 2001; revision requested November 19; revision received November 25; accepted November 27. Address correspondence to J.P.E. (e-mail: jpearls@yahoo.com).

The radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings in two patients with documented inhalational anthrax resulting from bioterrorism exposure are presented. Chest radiographs demonstrated mediastinal widening, adenopathy, pleural effusions, and air-space disease. Chest CT images revealed enlarged hyperattenuating mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes and edema of mediastinal fat. Chest CT findings are helpful for making the initial diagnosis. To the authors’ knowledge, the spectrum and follow-up of CT findings have not been previously described.

Index terms: Anthrax • Lung, CT, 60.12111, 60.12112 • Lung, infection, 60.2019 • Special Reports

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