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Describing Data: Statistical and Graphical Methods¹

¹ From the Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor. Received January 14, 2002; revision requested March 2; revision received May 20; accepted June 14. Address correspondence to the author, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 4 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283 (e-mail: seema.sonnad@uphs.upenn.edu).

An important step in any analysis is to describe the data by using descriptive and graphic methods. The author provides an approach to the most commonly used numeric and graphic methods for describing data. Methods are presented for summarizing data numerically, including presentation of data in tables and calculation of statistics for central tendency, variability, and distribution. Methods are also presented for displaying data graphically, including line graphs, bar graphs, histograms, and frequency polygons. The description and graphing of study data result in better analysis and presentation of data.

© RSNA, 2002

Index terms: Data analysis • Statistical analysis

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