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Imaging with ^99mTc ECDG Targeted at the Multifunctional Glucose Transport System: Feasibility Study with Rodents¹

¹ From the Divisions of Diagnostic Imaging (D.J.Y., C.G.K., A.A., D.F.Y., C.S.O., J.L.B., J.J.W., E.E.K., D.A.P.) and Radiation Oncology (N.R.S.), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030. From the 2001 RSNA scientific assembly. Received November 9, 2001; revision requested January 7, 2002; final revision received May 16; accepted June 18. The animal research and nuclear magnetic resonance facility used in this study was supported by M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Cancer Center Support Grant) grant NIH CA-16672. Supported in part by Cell Point Research Fund. Address correspondence to D.J.Y. (e-mail: dyang@di.mdacc.tmc.edu).

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of technetium 99m (^99mTc) ethylenedicysteine–deoxyglucose (ECDG) imaging in tumor-bearing rodents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: ECDG was synthesized by means of reacting ethylenedicysteine with glucosamine, with carbodiimide as the coupling agent. Hexokinase assays were performed at an ultraviolet wavelength of 340 nm. To determine whether blood glucose level could be altered, ECDG or glucosamine was injected into six rats. In a separate study, ECDG followed by insulin was administered to three rats. To determine biodistribution, lung tumor cells were intramuscularly injected into the hind legs of 18 nude mice. The animals were then injected with ^99mTc ECDG or fluorine 18 (¹⁸F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) (0.037–0.074 MBq per mouse). Radioactivity was measured in tissue excised from the animals. Scintigraphy was performed in three groups: in group 1 to demonstrate that different-sized tumors could be imaged after ^99mTc ECDG administration, in group 2 to ascertain whether tumor uptake of ^99mTc ECDG was perfusion related, and in group 3 to demonstrate that tumor uptake of ^99mTc ECDG occurred by means of a glucose-mediated process.

RESULTS: ECDG was positive for phosphorylation at hexokinase assay. Blood glucose level increased with ECDG injection and decreased with insulin administration. Tumor-to–brain tissue and tumor-to–muscle tissue ratios of ^99mTc ECDG uptake were higher than those of ¹⁸F FDG uptake. Scintigraphic results demonstrated the feasibility of ^99mTc ECDG imaging.

CONCLUSION: There are similarities between ^99mTc ECDG uptake and ¹⁸F FDG uptake in tumors, and study findings supported the potential use of ^99mTc ECDG as a functional imaging agent.

© RSNA, 2003

Index terms: Contrast media, experimental studies • Experimental study • Neoplasms, experimental studies • Radionuclide imaging, experimental studies

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