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Assessment of Fetal Lung Growth in Utero with Echo-planar MR Imaging

Keith R. Duncan, MB, ChB1, Penny A. Gowland, PhD2, Rachel J. Moore, BSc2, Philip N. Baker, DM1 and Ian R. Johnson, DM1

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.R.D., P.N.B., I.R.J.)
2 Magnetic Resonance Centre, Department of Physics (P.A.G., R.J.M.), City Hospital, Hucknall Rd, Nottingham, England, NG5 1PB.



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  		Figure 1. Transaxial single-shot echo-planar MR image (effective TE, 30 msec; matrix, 128 x 128) of a cross section through the uterus at 37 weeks gestation shows the placenta (P) posteriorly, the high-signal-intensity amniotic fluid (A), and the fetal thorax (T), with both lungs (L) highlighted.

 


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  		Figure 2. Longitudinal variation in fetal lung volume measurements. Lung volume varies exponentially (line of best fit added) with gestation, but up to a third of individual fetuses have reduced lung volume between 28 weeks gestation and term.

 


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  		Figure 3a. Transaxial single-shot echo-planar MR images (effective TE, 30 msec; matrix, 128 x 128) show increased lung volume in the same region of the fetal thorax at different gestational ages: (a) 22 weeks gestation, (b) 26 weeks gestation, (c) 29 weeks gestation, (d) 36 weeks gestation. L = left and right fetal lungs.

 


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  		Figure 3b. Transaxial single-shot echo-planar MR images (effective TE, 30 msec; matrix, 128 x 128) show increased lung volume in the same region of the fetal thorax at different gestational ages: (a) 22 weeks gestation, (b) 26 weeks gestation, (c) 29 weeks gestation, (d) 36 weeks gestation. L = left and right fetal lungs.

 


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  		Figure 3c. Transaxial single-shot echo-planar MR images (effective TE, 30 msec; matrix, 128 x 128) show increased lung volume in the same region of the fetal thorax at different gestational ages: (a) 22 weeks gestation, (b) 26 weeks gestation, (c) 29 weeks gestation, (d) 36 weeks gestation. L = left and right fetal lungs.

 


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  		Figure 3d. Transaxial single-shot echo-planar MR images (effective TE, 30 msec; matrix, 128 x 128) show increased lung volume in the same region of the fetal thorax at different gestational ages: (a) 22 weeks gestation, (b) 26 weeks gestation, (c) 29 weeks gestation, (d) 36 weeks gestation. L = left and right fetal lungs.

 


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  		Figure 4. Changes in fetal lung volume with increasing fetal volume. There is a significant association between the two volumes (R2 = 0.75); however, this relationship becomes less constant as the fetal volume increases.

 




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