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Regional Blood Flow, Capillary Permeability, and Compartmental Volumes: Measurement with Dynamic CT—Initial Experience

¹ German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Open two-compartment model to describe the transport of a contrast medium through the capillaries and its bidirectional diffusion between plasma (mean concentration, P; volume, VP) and interstitial space (mean concentration, I; volume, VI). CA(t) is the concentration in a tissue-feeding artery, F the apparent capillary plasma flow, and PS the permeability–surface area product.

View larger version (70K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Patient 1. Three of 39 rapid transverse CT images from a dynamic CT data set obtained in a 40-year-old man with a squamous cell carcinoma (T4 N2c). The images were acquired with the same window scaling A, before; B, 30 seconds after; and C, 150 seconds after the onset of a 30-second-long, constant-rate administration of contrast agent. They demonstrate an advanced tumor (arrow in B) on the left, which asymmetrically compresses the hypopharyngeal region. The concentration-time courses determined from the carotid artery and from the tumor are shown in Figure 4a and 4b, respectively.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Figure 3a. Concentration-time courses determined (a) from the carotid artery and (b) from neck muscle tissue. Both curves were averaged over six patients. • indicates mean value, and the error bars indicate the SEM of the individual concentration values. The curves in b show the result of the nonlinear regression analysis (solid line, total tissue concentration T; dotted line, intravascular contribution fP · P; broken line, interstitial contribution fI · I). The estimated model parameters are given in Results.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Figure 3b. Concentration-time courses determined (a) from the carotid artery and (b) from neck muscle tissue. Both curves were averaged over six patients. • indicates mean value, and the error bars indicate the SEM of the individual concentration values. The curves in b show the result of the nonlinear regression analysis (solid line, total tissue concentration T; dotted line, intravascular contribution fP · P; broken line, interstitial contribution fI · I). The estimated model parameters are given in Results.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 4a. Patients 1, 2. (a–d) Concentration-time courses determined in two patients from a region of interest over (a, c) the carotid artery (• indicates the 90th percentile, and the error bars indicate the 95% CIs [28]) and (b, d) the neck tumor (• indicates the mean value, and the error bars indicate the SEM). The curves show the results of the nonlinear regression analysis (solid line, total tissue concentration T; dotted line, intravascular contribution fP · P; broken line, interstitial contribution fI · I). The estimated model parameters are given in Table 3.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Figure 4b. Patients 1, 2. (a–d) Concentration-time courses determined in two patients from a region of interest over (a, c) the carotid artery (• indicates the 90th percentile, and the error bars indicate the 95% CIs [28]) and (b, d) the neck tumor (• indicates the mean value, and the error bars indicate the SEM). The curves show the results of the nonlinear regression analysis (solid line, total tissue concentration T; dotted line, intravascular contribution fP · P; broken line, interstitial contribution fI · I). The estimated model parameters are given in Table 3.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 4c. Patients 1, 2. (a–d) Concentration-time courses determined in two patients from a region of interest over (a, c) the carotid artery (• indicates the 90th percentile, and the error bars indicate the 95% CIs [28]) and (b, d) the neck tumor (• indicates the mean value, and the error bars indicate the SEM). The curves show the results of the nonlinear regression analysis (solid line, total tissue concentration T; dotted line, intravascular contribution fP · P; broken line, interstitial contribution fI · I). The estimated model parameters are given in Table 3.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Figure 4d. Patients 1, 2. (a–d) Concentration-time courses determined in two patients from a region of interest over (a, c) the carotid artery (• indicates the 90th percentile, and the error bars indicate the 95% CIs [28]) and (b, d) the neck tumor (• indicates the mean value, and the error bars indicate the SEM). The curves show the results of the nonlinear regression analysis (solid line, total tissue concentration T; dotted line, intravascular contribution fP · P; broken line, interstitial contribution fI · I). The estimated model parameters are given in Table 3.