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Computerized Analysis of Digitized Mammograms of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Gene Mutation Carriers¹

¹ From the Departments of Radiology (Z.H., M.L.G., D.E.W., C.E.M., W.Z.) and Hematology and Oncology (O.I.O., S.A.C.), University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637; and Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia (B.L.W.). From the 1998 and 2000 RSNA scientific assemblies. Received April 27, 2001; revision requested June 8; final revision received April 18, 2002; accepted May 16. Supported in part by grants from the NIH (P20 CA66132 and R21 CA79711), from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (DAMD 17-96-1-6058 and 17-99-1209), and from the Elizabeth Boughton Charitable Fund and the Falk Medical Research Fund. Address correspondence to M.L.G. (e-mail: m-giger@uchicago.edu).

View larger version (67K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Digitized mammogram (craniocaudal view) shows a selected ROI.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Figure 2a. Scatterplots show distributions of the low-risk cases () and the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers () in the entire group (172 cases) in terms of (a) skewness versus coarseness and (b) coarseness versus contrast. The two-dimensional projection line from LDA corresponds to the line that yields the best (or maximum) separation between the BRCA mutation carriers and the low-risk cases in the corresponding two-dimensional feature space. As indicated by the diagonal line, the mutation carriers tended to have more dense breast tissue, with coarser and lower contrast texture patterns on their mammograms, than did the low-risk women.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Figure 2b. Scatterplots show distributions of the low-risk cases () and the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers () in the entire group (172 cases) in terms of (a) skewness versus coarseness and (b) coarseness versus contrast. The two-dimensional projection line from LDA corresponds to the line that yields the best (or maximum) separation between the BRCA mutation carriers and the low-risk cases in the corresponding two-dimensional feature space. As indicated by the diagonal line, the mutation carriers tended to have more dense breast tissue, with coarser and lower contrast texture patterns on their mammograms, than did the low-risk women.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Figure 3a. Scatterplots show distributions of the 60 low-risk cases () and the 30 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers () in the age-matched group in terms of (a) skewness versus coarseness and (b) coarseness versus contrast. As indicated by the separation line (Fig 2), the mutation carriers tended to have more dense breast tissue, with coarser and lower contrast texture patterns on their mammograms, than did the low-risk women in the age-matched group.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Figure 3b. Scatterplots show distributions of the 60 low-risk cases () and the 30 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers () in the age-matched group in terms of (a) skewness versus coarseness and (b) coarseness versus contrast. As indicated by the separation line (Fig 2), the mutation carriers tended to have more dense breast tissue, with coarser and lower contrast texture patterns on their mammograms, than did the low-risk women in the age-matched group.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Figure 4a. Vertical bar graphs show distribution of the discriminant score of (a) the 142 low-risk cases and the 30 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers in the entire group and (b) the 30 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and the 60 age-matched low-risk cases in the age-matched group.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Figure 4b. Vertical bar graphs show distribution of the discriminant score of (a) the 142 low-risk cases and the 30 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers in the entire group and (b) the 30 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and the 60 age-matched low-risk cases in the age-matched group.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Figure 5. ROC curve, along with its lower and upper 95% CI bounds, generated from LDA outputs in the classification of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and the low-risk cases in the entire group (172 cases).

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Figure 6. Vertical bar graph shows the distribution of the radiologist’s assessment of percentage density on a 100-point scale for the 30 mutation carriers and the 60 low-risk women in the age-matched group.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Figure 7. Graph shows the relationship between the radiologist’s assessment of percentage density and a computer-extracted feature (skewness) for the 30 mutation carriers and the 60 low-risk women in the age-matched group.