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Small Pulmonary Nodules: Volume Measurement at Chest CT—Phantom Study¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology, Section of Thoracic Imaging, New York University Medical Center, 560 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 (J.P.K., H.R., E.L.J., G.M., D.P.N.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pa (J.S.B.); and Computer Science Department, Boston University, Mass (M.B.). From the 2001 RSNA scientific assembly. Received February 7, 2002; revision requested April 15; final revision received October 28; accepted December 19. Supported by a Scholars Award from the RSNA Research and Education Foundation and a Seed Grant from the Society of Thoracic Radiology. Address correspondence to J.P.K. (e-mail: jane.ko@med.nyu.edu).

View larger version (96K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Photograph of chest phantom demonstrates wells (arrows, n = 40) filled with material with the same attenuation as that of lung parenchyma. Material obscures nodules placed in the wells.

View larger version (135K): [in a new window]   Figure 2a. Transverse CT scans of the nodule-containing phantom. Ground-glass-attenuation nodules (curved arrows) and solid-attenuation nodules (straight arrows) are in the left and right lungs of the phantom, respectively, surrounded by heterogeneous material. Images were obtained with variations of dose and reconstruction algorithm: (a) 120-mAs dose and high-frequency reconstruction algorithm, (b) 20-mAs dose and high-frequency reconstruction algorithm, (c) 120-mAs dose and low-frequency reconstruction algorithm, and (d) 20-mAs dose and low-frequency reconstruction algorithm. The 20-mAs low-dose images (b, d) have more image noise. On the low-frequency-algorithm images (c, d), spatial resolution is decreased.

View larger version (159K): [in a new window]   Figure 2b. Transverse CT scans of the nodule-containing phantom. Ground-glass-attenuation nodules (curved arrows) and solid-attenuation nodules (straight arrows) are in the left and right lungs of the phantom, respectively, surrounded by heterogeneous material. Images were obtained with variations of dose and reconstruction algorithm: (a) 120-mAs dose and high-frequency reconstruction algorithm, (b) 20-mAs dose and high-frequency reconstruction algorithm, (c) 120-mAs dose and low-frequency reconstruction algorithm, and (d) 20-mAs dose and low-frequency reconstruction algorithm. The 20-mAs low-dose images (b, d) have more image noise. On the low-frequency-algorithm images (c, d), spatial resolution is decreased.

View larger version (102K): [in a new window]   Figure 2c. Transverse CT scans of the nodule-containing phantom. Ground-glass-attenuation nodules (curved arrows) and solid-attenuation nodules (straight arrows) are in the left and right lungs of the phantom, respectively, surrounded by heterogeneous material. Images were obtained with variations of dose and reconstruction algorithm: (a) 120-mAs dose and high-frequency reconstruction algorithm, (b) 20-mAs dose and high-frequency reconstruction algorithm, (c) 120-mAs dose and low-frequency reconstruction algorithm, and (d) 20-mAs dose and low-frequency reconstruction algorithm. The 20-mAs low-dose images (b, d) have more image noise. On the low-frequency-algorithm images (c, d), spatial resolution is decreased.

View larger version (120K): [in a new window]   Figure 2d. Transverse CT scans of the nodule-containing phantom. Ground-glass-attenuation nodules (curved arrows) and solid-attenuation nodules (straight arrows) are in the left and right lungs of the phantom, respectively, surrounded by heterogeneous material. Images were obtained with variations of dose and reconstruction algorithm: (a) 120-mAs dose and high-frequency reconstruction algorithm, (b) 20-mAs dose and high-frequency reconstruction algorithm, (c) 120-mAs dose and low-frequency reconstruction algorithm, and (d) 20-mAs dose and low-frequency reconstruction algorithm. The 20-mAs low-dose images (b, d) have more image noise. On the low-frequency-algorithm images (c, d), spatial resolution is decreased.