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Fiber Tract–based Atlas of Human White Matter Anatomy¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor Bldg, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205; and F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md. From the 2002 RSNA scientific assembly. Supported by National Institutes of Health grants RO1 AG20012–01 and P41 RR15241–01. Received December 12, 2002; revision requested February 25, 2003; revision received May 8; accepted August 21. Address correspondence to S.M. (e-mail: susumu@mri.jhu.edu).

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Diagram shows the three operations used in this study. A, AND and NOT operations. Two ROIs (green) are placed on anatomic landmarks. When the AND operation is used, tracts that penetrate both ROIs are selected. In this example, black and red tracts are selected, while blue tracts are removed. NOT operation is used to remove specific tracts that penetrate one or multiple ROIs (orange). In this example, red tracts are removed. B, OR operation. Multiple tracking results when multiple ROIs are combined. AND operation poses a strong constraint in tracking results by selecting only tracts with known trajectories. This is a conservative approach for which results are potentially more accurate, with the disadvantage that it does not allow visualization of branching patterns between ROIs. The OR approach may be more susceptible to noise and partial volume effects.

View larger version (72K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Four viewing angles of 3D depictions of brainstem fibers. A, Anterior view; B, left lateral view; C, superior view, D, oblique view from right posterior angle. Reconstructed fibers are corticospinal tract (cst, white), superior cerebellar peduncle (scp, purple), middle cerebellar peduncle (mcp, red), inferior cerebellar peduncle (icp, orange), and medial lemniscus (ml, light green). For anatomic guidance, ventricles (gray), substantia nigra (sn, blue), deep cerebellar nuclei (dcn, dark green), and thalamus (yellow) are also shown.

View larger version (91K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Four viewing angles of 3D depictions of projection and thalamic fibers. A, Anterior view; B, left lateral views; C, superior view; D, oblique view from right anterior angle. Reconstructed fibers are corticobulbar tracts (cbt, light blue), corticospinal tract (cst, white), anterior thalamic radiation (atr, bright purple), superior thalamic radiation (str, purple), and posterior thalamic radiation (ptr, dark blue). For anatomic guidance, fibers are depicted with putamen and globus pallidus (light green); caudate nucleus (dark green); thalamus (yellow); and the hippocampus, amygdala, and ventricles (gray). E, F, For better visualization of thalamic fibers, two additional lateral views, one without putamen and globus pallidus (E) and one without corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts (F) are also given.

View larger version (90K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Four viewing angles of 3D depictions of association fibers. A, Anterior view; B, left lateral view; C, superior view; D, oblique view from right anterior angle. Reconstructed fibers are superior longitudinal fasciculus (slf, yellow), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ilf, brown), superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (sfo, beige), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (ifo, orange), and uncinate fasciculus (unc, red). E, F, Left lateral views without superior longitudinal fasciculus (E) and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (F).

View larger version (124K): [in a new window]   Figure 5. Four viewing angles of 3D depictions of limbic system fibers. A, Anterior view; B, left lateral view; C, superior view; D, oblique view from right anterior angle. Reconstructed fibers are cingulum (cg, dark green), fornix (fx, light green), and stria terminalis (st, yellow). For anatomic guidance, hippocampus and amygdala (purple) and ventricles (gray) are also shown.

View larger version (111K): [in a new window]   Figure 6. Four viewing angles show 3D depictions of callosal fibers. A, Anterior view; B, left lateral view; C, superior view; D, oblique view from right anterior angle. Corticocortical connections through corpus callosum (cc) are magenta. Subset of the tracts that project to temporal lobe (tapetum) are pink.

View larger version (57K): [in a new window]   Figure 7. Three-dimensional presentation of projection (green), association (red), and callosal (blue) fibers. A, Anterior view; B, left lateral view; C, superior view; D, left anterosuperior view. To demonstrate relative locations of these three families of tracts, projection (Fig 3), association (Fig 4), and callosal (Fig 6) fibers are depicted simultaneously. E-G, Representative transverse sections. Pixels that share more than one family of tracts can be identified in terms of color: Magenta is formed by red (association) plus blue (callosal); yellow, by green (projection) plus red; and cyan, by green plus blue. Note dominant presence of projection fibers in cortical areas around the central sulcus (cs). acr = anterior region of corona radiata, ec = external capsule, ic = internal capsule, pcr = posterior region of corona radiata, scr = superior region of corona radiata.

View larger version (54K): [in a new window]   Figure 8, A-L Transverse DT imaging color maps (first and third columns) and white matter parcellation maps (second and fourth columns). On parcellation maps, locations of intercepts of various tract trajectories are shown in the same colors used in Figures 2-6. On color maps, red, green, and blue represent fibers running along right-left, anterior-posterior, and superior-inferior axes, respectively. Locations of white matter tracts are assigned on color maps. Several anatomic landmarks visible on color maps are also annotated on the basis of existing anatomic knowledge. Note that corona radiata consists of a mixture of various tracts. ac = anterior commissure, acr = anterior region of corona radiata, alic = anterior limb of internal capsule, cbt = corticobulbar tract, cg = cingulum, cp = cerebral peduncle, cst = corticospinal tract, dscp = decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle (scp), fx = fornix, icp = inferior cerebellar peduncle, ifo = inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, ilf = inferior longitudinal fasciculus, mcp = middle cerebellar peduncle, ml = medial lemniscus, ot = optic tract, pcr = posterior region of corona radiata, plic = posterior limb of internal capsule, py = pyramidal tract, scr = superior region of internal capsule, sfo = superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, slf = superior longitudinal fasciculus, sn = substantia nigra, st = stria terminalis, unc = uncinate fasciculus, * = short-range association fibers, ** = vertical occipital fasciculus.

View larger version (88K): [in a new window]   Figure 8, M-X Transverse DT imaging color maps (first and third columns) and white matter parcellation maps (second and fourth columns). On parcellation maps, locations of intercepts of various tract trajectories are shown in the same colors used in Figures 2-6. On color maps, red, green, and blue represent fibers running along right-left, anterior-posterior, and superior-inferior axes, respectively. Locations of white matter tracts are assigned on color maps. Several anatomic landmarks visible on color maps are also annotated on the basis of existing anatomic knowledge. Note that corona radiata consists of a mixture of various tracts. ac = anterior commissure, acr = anterior region of corona radiata, alic = anterior limb of internal capsule, cbt = corticobulbar tract, cg = cingulum, cp = cerebral peduncle, cst = corticospinal tract, dscp = decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle (scp), fx = fornix, icp = inferior cerebellar peduncle, ifo = inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, ilf = inferior longitudinal fasciculus, mcp = middle cerebellar peduncle, ml = medial lemniscus, ot = optic tract, pcr = posterior region of corona radiata, plic = posterior limb of internal capsule, py = pyramidal tract, scr = superior region of internal capsule, sfo = superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, slf = superior longitudinal fasciculus, sn = substantia nigra, st = stria terminalis, unc = uncinate fasciculus, * = short-range association fibers, ** = vertical occipital fasciculus.

View larger version (122K): [in a new window]   Figure 9. Coronal DT imaging color maps (first and third columns) and parcellation maps (second and fourth columns). See caption for Figure 8 for color coding and abbreviations.

View larger version (65K): [in a new window]   Figure 10. Sagittal DT imaging color maps (first and third columns) and parcellation maps (second and fourth columns). See caption for Figure 8 for color coding and abbreviations.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Figure 11. Comparison between 2D tracking-based parcellation of thalamus (A) and histologic study results (B). Anterior thalamic radiation (atr) projects from anterior and medial regions of the thalamus; superior thalamic radiation (str), from the lateral region; and posterior thalamic radiation (ptr), from the posterior region (pulvinar). (B adapted and reprinted, with permission, from reference 32.)

View larger version (85K): [in a new window]   Figure 12. Left lateral view of 3D reconstruction shows short-range association fibers. White boxes indicate approximate locations of ROIs used for reconstruction. Tracts shown in blue and magenta are white matter regions indicated by a single asterisk in Figures 8-10; those shown in orange are regions indicated by double asterisks in Figures 8-10.