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Published online before print January 26, 2006, 10.1148/radiol.2383042213
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Functional MR Imaging: Comparison of BOLD Signal Intensity Changes in Fetal Organs with Fetal and Maternal Oxyhemoglobin Saturation during Hypoxia in Sheep1

Ulrike Wedegärtner, MD, Mikhail Tchirikov, MD, Sebastian Schäfer, BSc, Andrew N. Priest, Dphil, Hendrik Kooijman, PhD, Gerhard Adam, MD, PhD and Hobe J. Schröder, MD, PhD

1 From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (U.W., S.S., A.N.P., G.A.), Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine (M.T.), and Division of Experimental Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine (H.J.S.), University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; and Philips Medical Systems, Hamburg, Germany (H.K.). Received December 30, 2004; revision requested February 16, 2005; revision received May 4; final version accepted June 13. Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft We 2826/1-1. Address correspondence to U.W. (e-mail: wedegaer{at}uke.uni-hamburg.de).


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1a: Transverse T2*-weighted single-shot gradient-echo echo-planar MR images (echo time, 30 msec; field of view, 180 mm; acquired spatial resolution, 2.25 x 2.25 mm; reconstructed resolution, 1.4 x 1.4 mm; acquired matrix, 80 x 80; reconstructed matrix, 128 x 128; section thickness, 5 mm; intersection gap, 1 mm; flip angle, 90°) of the fetal (a) cerebrum, (b) heart, (c) lungs, (d) liver, and (e) cotyledon of animal 2. Images were obtained during the control period with 99% maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation and 68% fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation. (a, b, d) Note the ROIs (white dotted line). (c) ROI placement in the lung with and without large vessels (white dotted line). (e) ROI placement in the cotyledon, including the complete (black dotted line), central (white dotted line), and peripheral (white solid line) parts.

 

Figure 1
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  		Figure 1b: Transverse T2*-weighted single-shot gradient-echo echo-planar MR images (echo time, 30 msec; field of view, 180 mm; acquired spatial resolution, 2.25 x 2.25 mm; reconstructed resolution, 1.4 x 1.4 mm; acquired matrix, 80 x 80; reconstructed matrix, 128 x 128; section thickness, 5 mm; intersection gap, 1 mm; flip angle, 90°) of the fetal (a) cerebrum, (b) heart, (c) lungs, (d) liver, and (e) cotyledon of animal 2. Images were obtained during the control period with 99% maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation and 68% fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation. (a, b, d) Note the ROIs (white dotted line). (c) ROI placement in the lung with and without large vessels (white dotted line). (e) ROI placement in the cotyledon, including the complete (black dotted line), central (white dotted line), and peripheral (white solid line) parts.

 

Figure 1
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  		Figure 1c: Transverse T2*-weighted single-shot gradient-echo echo-planar MR images (echo time, 30 msec; field of view, 180 mm; acquired spatial resolution, 2.25 x 2.25 mm; reconstructed resolution, 1.4 x 1.4 mm; acquired matrix, 80 x 80; reconstructed matrix, 128 x 128; section thickness, 5 mm; intersection gap, 1 mm; flip angle, 90°) of the fetal (a) cerebrum, (b) heart, (c) lungs, (d) liver, and (e) cotyledon of animal 2. Images were obtained during the control period with 99% maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation and 68% fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation. (a, b, d) Note the ROIs (white dotted line). (c) ROI placement in the lung with and without large vessels (white dotted line). (e) ROI placement in the cotyledon, including the complete (black dotted line), central (white dotted line), and peripheral (white solid line) parts.

 

Figure 1
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  		Figure 1d: Transverse T2*-weighted single-shot gradient-echo echo-planar MR images (echo time, 30 msec; field of view, 180 mm; acquired spatial resolution, 2.25 x 2.25 mm; reconstructed resolution, 1.4 x 1.4 mm; acquired matrix, 80 x 80; reconstructed matrix, 128 x 128; section thickness, 5 mm; intersection gap, 1 mm; flip angle, 90°) of the fetal (a) cerebrum, (b) heart, (c) lungs, (d) liver, and (e) cotyledon of animal 2. Images were obtained during the control period with 99% maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation and 68% fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation. (a, b, d) Note the ROIs (white dotted line). (c) ROI placement in the lung with and without large vessels (white dotted line). (e) ROI placement in the cotyledon, including the complete (black dotted line), central (white dotted line), and peripheral (white solid line) parts.

 

Figure 1
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[in a new window]
  		Figure 1e: Transverse T2*-weighted single-shot gradient-echo echo-planar MR images (echo time, 30 msec; field of view, 180 mm; acquired spatial resolution, 2.25 x 2.25 mm; reconstructed resolution, 1.4 x 1.4 mm; acquired matrix, 80 x 80; reconstructed matrix, 128 x 128; section thickness, 5 mm; intersection gap, 1 mm; flip angle, 90°) of the fetal (a) cerebrum, (b) heart, (c) lungs, (d) liver, and (e) cotyledon of animal 2. Images were obtained during the control period with 99% maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation and 68% fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation. (a, b, d) Note the ROIs (white dotted line). (c) ROI placement in the lung with and without large vessels (white dotted line). (e) ROI placement in the cotyledon, including the complete (black dotted line), central (white dotted line), and peripheral (white solid line) parts.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2a: Scatterplots constructed with data from animal 4 show findings of a hypoxic phase with an initial control period, hypoxia after reduction of the maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation (MatSO2), and recovery. Time course of (a) absolute and (b) normalized BOLD signal intensities (BOLD SI and BOLD SI%, respectively) of the cerebrum, cerebellum, lungs, cotyledon, liver, heart, and maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation. Fetal blood samples were obtained during the control and hypoxic phases (arrows in a). FetSO2 = fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2b: Scatterplots constructed with data from animal 4 show findings of a hypoxic phase with an initial control period, hypoxia after reduction of the maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation (MatSO2), and recovery. Time course of (a) absolute and (b) normalized BOLD signal intensities (BOLD SI and BOLD SI%, respectively) of the cerebrum, cerebellum, lungs, cotyledon, liver, heart, and maternal oxyhemoglobin saturation. Fetal blood samples were obtained during the control and hypoxic phases (arrows in a). FetSO2 = fetal oxyhemoglobin saturation.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3a: Linear regression of BOLD signal intensity for (a, b) cerebrum, (c, d) heart, and (e, f) cotyledon with maternal (MatSO2) and fetal (FetSO2) oxyhemoglobin saturation. Mean values of the hypoxic plateaus are marked for each animal (animal 2, {blacktriangleup}; animal 3, {blacksquare}; animal 4, {triangleup}; animal 5, {diamondsuit}; animal 6, bullet). Dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval of the regression line.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3b: Linear regression of BOLD signal intensity for (a, b) cerebrum, (c, d) heart, and (e, f) cotyledon with maternal (MatSO2) and fetal (FetSO2) oxyhemoglobin saturation. Mean values of the hypoxic plateaus are marked for each animal (animal 2, {blacktriangleup}; animal 3, {blacksquare}; animal 4, {triangleup}; animal 5, {diamondsuit}; animal 6, bullet). Dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval of the regression line.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3c: Linear regression of BOLD signal intensity for (a, b) cerebrum, (c, d) heart, and (e, f) cotyledon with maternal (MatSO2) and fetal (FetSO2) oxyhemoglobin saturation. Mean values of the hypoxic plateaus are marked for each animal (animal 2, {blacktriangleup}; animal 3, {blacksquare}; animal 4, {triangleup}; animal 5, {diamondsuit}; animal 6, bullet). Dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval of the regression line.

 

Figure 3
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[in a new window]
  		Figure 3d: Linear regression of BOLD signal intensity for (a, b) cerebrum, (c, d) heart, and (e, f) cotyledon with maternal (MatSO2) and fetal (FetSO2) oxyhemoglobin saturation. Mean values of the hypoxic plateaus are marked for each animal (animal 2, {blacktriangleup}; animal 3, {blacksquare}; animal 4, {triangleup}; animal 5, {diamondsuit}; animal 6, bullet). Dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval of the regression line.

 

Figure 3
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[in a new window]
  		Figure 3e: Linear regression of BOLD signal intensity for (a, b) cerebrum, (c, d) heart, and (e, f) cotyledon with maternal (MatSO2) and fetal (FetSO2) oxyhemoglobin saturation. Mean values of the hypoxic plateaus are marked for each animal (animal 2, {blacktriangleup}; animal 3, {blacksquare}; animal 4, {triangleup}; animal 5, {diamondsuit}; animal 6, bullet). Dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval of the regression line.

 

Figure 3
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[in a new window]
  		Figure 3f: Linear regression of BOLD signal intensity for (a, b) cerebrum, (c, d) heart, and (e, f) cotyledon with maternal (MatSO2) and fetal (FetSO2) oxyhemoglobin saturation. Mean values of the hypoxic plateaus are marked for each animal (animal 2, {blacktriangleup}; animal 3, {blacksquare}; animal 4, {triangleup}; animal 5, {diamondsuit}; animal 6, bullet). Dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval of the regression line.

 




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