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Published online before print January 19, 2006, 10.1148/radiol.2383050636
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Three-dimensional US of the Fetus: Volume Imaging1

Beryl R. Benacerraf, MD, Thomas D. Shipp, MD and Bryann Bromley, MD

1 From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (B.R.B., T.D.S., B.B.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (B.R.B., T.D.S., B.B.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (B.R.B., T.D.S., B.B.). Received April 18, 2005; revision requested June 15; revision received June 29; accepted July 20; final version accepted August 23. Address correspondence to B.R.B., Diagnostic Ultrasound Associates, 333 Longwood Ave, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02115. (e-mail: bbsono{at}aol.com).


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1: Multiplanar display of the first 3D US volume shows the fetal head in three orientations at right angles to each other. The planes are interactive and permit the display of any plane within the volume.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2: Multiplanar display of the second 3D US volume shows the fetal chest in three orientations at right angles to each other. The planes are interactive and permit the display of any plane within the volume, including all views of the heart.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3: Transverse US image of the fetal head reconstructed from the volume in Figure 1 shows measurement of the BPD.

 

Figure 4
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  		Figure 4: Transverse US image of the fetal lateral ventricle and choroid plexus (CP) reconstructed from the volume in Figure 1.

 

Figure 5
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  		Figure 5: Transverse US image of the fetal cerebellar hemispheres (C) and cisterna magna reconstructed from the volume in Figure 1.

 

Figure 6
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  		Figure 6: Coronal US image of the fetal face reconstructed from the volume in Figure 1. Adequate view of the face includes both the nose and lip view and the orbits; this figure demonstrates the orbit view.

 

Figure 7
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  		Figure 7: Four chamber US view of the fetal heart reconstructed from the volume in Figure 2.

 

Figure 8
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  		Figure 8: US view of the fetal heart shows the aortic outflow tract (white dot) reconstructed from the volume in Figure 2.

 

Figure 9
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  		Figure 9: Coronal US view of the fetal thoracic spine (SP) reconstructed from the volume in Figure 2.

 

Figure 10
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  		Figure 10: Multiplanar display of the third 3D US volume shows the abdomen in three orientations at right angles to each other. The planes are interactive and permit the display of any plane within the volume.

 

Figure 11
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  		Figure 11: Transverse US image of the fetal lower abdomen shows the cord insertion (CI) (white dot) reconstructed from the volume in Figure 10.

 

Figure 12
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  		Figure 12: US image shows the fetal bladder (bl) and measurement of the femur length (cursors) reconstructed from the volume in Figure 10.

 

Figure 13
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  		Figure 13: Coronal US image shows the fetal kidneys (kd) reconstructed from the volume in Figure 10.

 

Figure 14
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  		Figure 14: Graph of BPD measurement by the three physicians (MD-A, MD-B, MD-C) illustrates the difference between 2D and 3D measurements for each physician. The y-axis is the number (N) of fetuses, and the x-axis is the difference between 2D and 3D measurements.

 

Figure 15
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  		Figure 15: Graph of femur length measurement by the three physicians (MD-A, MD-B, MD-C) illustrates the difference between 2D and 3D measurements for each physician. The y-axis is the number (N) of fetuses, and the x-axis is the difference between 2D and 3D measurements.

 

Figure 16
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  		Figure 16: Graph shows distribution of anatomic parts seen with each of the five volume sets for the 50 fetuses. Note the redundancy between the volumes—an anatomic part such as the stomach bubble can be seen on both the chest volume and the abdominal volume.

 




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