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Mild Cognitive Impairment: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Regional Gray Matter and White Matter Structures¹

¹ From the Department of Radiological Sciences (K.M.R., H.W., A.N.H., M.Y.S.), Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging (H.W., Y.C., M.Y.S.), and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (Y.C.), University of California, Irvine, 164 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-5020; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China (H.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.F.C.); and Unit of Radiology, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Mauriziano Hospital, and ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy (A.B.). From the 2004 RSNA Annual Meeting. Received June 22, 2005; revision requested August 23; revision received September 20; accepted October 14; final version accepted November 17. Supported in part by grant NIH/NIA P50 AG16573, R01 AG17066, AG-019681, and M01 RR00827 from the National Center for Research Resources. Address correspondence to M.Y.S. (e-mail: msu{at}uci.edu).

View larger version (73K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 1: Traced MR images of ROI of bilateral hippocampi displayed in three orthogonal planes with ROITOOL software after section-by-section drawing is completed (left = coronal, middle = sagittal, right = transverse). Original images were acquired with coronal view by using 3D spoiled gradient-recalled-echo pulse sequence (11/4, flip angle of 20°). Sagittal and transverse images were reconstructed from coronal images.

View larger version (67K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 2: Temporal ROI on three orthogonal plane MR images from one control subject. ROI was mapped from temporal lobe mask provided by automated atlas-based masking tool onto Montreal Neurological Institute template by using transformation matrix, obtained by coregistration of participant's anatomic images to Montreal Neurological Institute template images (left = coronal, middle = sagittal, right = transverse). Imaging sequence was same as for Figure 1.

View larger version (84K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 3: Original anatomic MR images (top row) and segmented gray matter maps (bottom row) from one coronal section of one control subject (left), one MCI patient without severe atrophy (middle), and another MCI patient with severe atrophy (right). Lateral temporal lobe is obtained on top row, which was obtained by using method demonstrated in Figure 2. Imaging sequence was same as for Figure 1.

View larger version (79K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 4: Hippocampus ROI traced on transverse anatomic MR image (left), mapped ROI onto reference echo-planar image (middle), and ADC trace map (right) from one patient with MCI. Reference image (b = 0 sec/mm2) was acquired with a multisection two-dimensional echo-planar imaging sequence (6300/100). ADC map was calculated by using the diffusion-weighted image (b = 1000 sec/mm2) relative to the reference image.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 5a: (a,b) Graphs of ADC trace values measured from gray matter and white matter structures. Mean value with standard deviation are shown. ADC trace values from hippocampus (HP), temporal lobe (TL) gray matter, and corpus callosum (CC) in patients with MCI were significantly higher relative to those of control subjects (P < .05). AC = anterior cingulate gyru, AM = amygdala, FL = frontal lobe, OL = occipital lobe, PC = posterior cingulate gyru, PHG = parahippocampal gyrus, PL = parietal lobe.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 5b: (a,b) Graphs of ADC trace values measured from gray matter and white matter structures. Mean value with standard deviation are shown. ADC trace values from hippocampus (HP), temporal lobe (TL) gray matter, and corpus callosum (CC) in patients with MCI were significantly higher relative to those of control subjects (P < .05). AC = anterior cingulate gyru, AM = amygdala, FL = frontal lobe, OL = occipital lobe, PC = posterior cingulate gyru, PHG = parahippocampal gyrus, PL = parietal lobe.

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 6a: Correlation plots between performance scores (a) on 5-minute delayed recall test (CWLT5) and (b) 30-minute delayed recall test (CWLT30) with age-adjusted ADC trace values from hippocampus. Lower scores were significantly associated with higher ADC values (P < .05). One outlier () of ADC value more than 3.5 standard deviations above sample mean was excluded in regression analysis.

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 6b: Correlation plots between performance scores (a) on 5-minute delayed recall test (CWLT5) and (b) 30-minute delayed recall test (CWLT30) with age-adjusted ADC trace values from hippocampus. Lower scores were significantly associated with higher ADC values (P < .05). One outlier () of ADC value more than 3.5 standard deviations above sample mean was excluded in regression analysis.